Arthritis

Arthritis is a complex condition involving inflammation of joints.  There are many causes but in general the degree of arthritis is directly related to the age of the animal.  As with us, the older the dog the stiffer the joints.

What causes arthritis?

Osteoarthritis: By far the most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA) which is perhaps better described as degenerative joint disease (DJD).  This can be primary, the cause of which is unknown and secondary, following problems affecting joint mobility, e.g. cranial cruciate ligament rupture, hip dysplasia etc.

Immune-Mediated: Arthritis may be immune mediated and in certain dogs rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factors can be detected with blood tests.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune mediated, erosive, inflammatory condition.  Cartilage and bone are eroded within affected joints and the condition can progress to complete joint fixation, (ankylosis).  It may affect single joints or multiple joints may be involved (polyarthritis).

Other types of immune mediated arthritis can be non-erosive, e.g. systemic lupus erythematosis.  This is often associated with other signs in addition to the arthritis.

By far the most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA) which is perhaps better described as degenerative joint disease (DJD).  This can be primary, the cause of which is unknown and secondary, following problems affecting joint mobility, e.g. cranial cruciate ligament rupture, hip dysplasia etc.

"By far the most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis (OA) which is perhaps better described as degenerative joint disease (DJD)."

Septic arthritis: Joint infection can be the result of bites or injuries or it can follow other damage to the joint.  Infective or septic arthritis can be caused by a variety of micro organisms, e.g. bacteria, viruses and fungi.  Usually only a single joint is affected and the condition results in fever, heat and pain in the joint which is frequently very swollen.  Before long your pet is likely to go off food and become very depressed.

How do we treat arthritis?

Obviously treatment will depend on the cause.  Immune mediated – rheumatoid types of arthritis are usually treated with high doses of corticosteroids which often lead to a dramatic response.  However the maintenance of this improvement often involves long term use of corticicosteroids and other drugs such as immuno-suppressive or cytotoxic agents which may result in side effects.

Septic arthritis involves determining the type of micro organism involved and its antibiotic sensitivity.  Antibiotics usually have to be given for a minimum of a month and usually analgesics also are necessary.

Treatment of osteoarthritis usually involves analgesics.  It is important to select these with care since some dogs are more sensitive than others to some of the side effects of the commonly used analgesics.  The usual signs are lack of appetite, vomiting and diarrhoea. Therefore if you have any concerns following the administration of the tablets we have prescribed, please discontinue them and contact us without delay.  Please do not use ‘human’ analgesics such as Panadol or Nurofen without discussing them with us first.

Other common treatments for osteoarthritis include medications which are given a series of injections and natural joint supplements or specially formulated joint diets. Life-style factors such as weight loss, suitable bedding and appropriate exercise are also very important.