Degenerative Myelopathy

This disease results in a slowly progressive hind limb weakness and paralysis, often occurring over several months to even years.

What are the signs?

Early signs are:

• Knuckling of the hind paws especially when turning corners
• The dog appears to sway from the hindquarters when standing still
• The hind feet seem to scrape the ground when walking and sometimes the dorsal (top) surface of the feet are hairless and excoriated

Since DM occurs most commonly in German Shepherd Dogs, a breed notorious for its high incidence of hip dysplasia the signs are often attributed to this condition which may also be present.

Does it only affect German Shepherd Dogs?

German Shepherd dogs and German Shepherd mixed breeds are most commonly affected but the condition has been recorded in other large and medium breeds including Labrador Retrievers, Collies, Boxer and English Mastiffs.

At what age does it occur?

The condition is most commonly found in older German Shepherd dogs with a range from 4-14 years. However it has been reported in dogs only a few months of age on very rare occasions.

What is the cause?

The cause is at present unproven but an auto-immune mediated basis is suggested. The prevalence in German Shepherd Dogs suggests there may be a familial basis.  An inability to utilise certain vitamins has been implicated but not proven.

How is it diagnosed?

Diagnosis is by examination. Radiography and other imaging techniques will rule out other problems such as hip dysplasia and chronic arthritis. If present these can contribute to the patient’s loss of function of the hindquarters.

Are there bowel and bladder problems?

Bladder and bowel function is normal with DM and spinal pain is not usual. This is unlike disc protrusion (“slipped disc”) or lumbo-sacral syndrome. 

Is the condition painful?

The disease is not painful at any stage but causes progressive weakness. This can cause the dog to fall and cause pain due to injury.

Is treatment possible?

At present there is no effective treatment for DM. However if the dog has other problems such as arthritis or hip dysplasia these can be treated and this will result in some improvement. Injuries to the feet can also be managed. It is important to avoid obesity. Thus treatment protocol should include exercise and other forms of physiotherapy (swimming is particularly beneficial), vitamins, and occasional steroids. The aim is to maintain the dog on its feet for as long as possible.

What is the outlook?

Unfortunately DM is not curable and the disease is progressive albeit slowly. Although bladder and bowel are usually not affected, once the dog can no longer stand the quality of life deteriorates since elimination cannot be adequately controlled. This depends very much on the individual. For example, some dogs will accept the help of a paraplegic cart readily. However it is important that the condition is carefully monitored and if you are at all worried please contact us.