Tracheal Collapse

What is collapsed trachea?

The trachea (windpipe) is a flexible tube leading from the mouth to the lungs. It is supported by a collection of cartilage rings which keep the tubes open, allowing air to enter the lungs on inspiration. If there is any abnormality and the rings collapse the trachea is obstructed making breathing difficult.

What are the signs?

Paroxysmal coughing especially on exercise is the main sign of this disease.

Does the condition start suddenly?

Owners usually note sudden onset of coughing particularly when exercised. Often on investigation it is found that the windpipe abnormality may have been present for some time.

There are two main forms:- 

• Congenital tracheal collapse. This involves a deformity of the tracheal rings present from birth. Signs are usually seen in puppies under six months of age. 
• Acquired tracheal collapse. This is due to basic weakness in the cartilaginous rings so they tend to collapse as the dog gets older.  It is usually seen in dogs over seven years of age. 

Are some breeds more prone than others?

Yes. Collapsed trachea is a condition seen mainly in the toy breeds. For example Yorkshire Terriers, Chihuahuas, Toy Poodles, Pomeranians and Lhasa Apsos are high on the list.

Is the cough the only sign?

The cough is characteristic. It is often described as a “honking cough.” Often there is also marked exercise intolerance but frequently owners think this is due to increasing age and/or obesity.

"The cough is characteristic. It is often described as a “honking cough.”"

How is the condition diagnosed?

1.  Based on the history.

2.  Veterinary examination. When the windpipe is touched the dog usually starts coughing characteristically.

3.  Radiography.

4.  Further imaging such as tracheoscopy and fluoroscopy.

What is involved with treatment?

• It is most important that any obesity is corrected. We will advise regarding diet etc.
• Medical treatment will be tried in the first instance usually involving the use of antibiotics, cough suppressants and special drugs to dilate the airway. In the majority of cases these measures are successful.
• If not, severe cases may be referred to a specialist since surgical techniques are available to prevent the collapse of the airway. 

How successful is treatment?

• Medical treatment is palliative rather than curative but is often very successful particularly if started before the condition is too severe.
• Once stabilised dogs will frequently cope very well for years on minimal medication. 
• Chest infections have to be treated without delay, therefore if there is any increase in coughing it is important that you contact us at the first signs.